What changed

New in the Lab: "Il pavimento (The floor): how much of archery is real"

Prediction registered: "PAV-1 · Breakdowns exist, for everyone (P-CAT)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-2 · Breakdowns get rarer with level, not milder (P-EPS)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-3 · The day dominates, and it is lopsided (P-DAY)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-4 · The real floor sits a fifth above the bell curve (P-FLOOR)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-5 · Within a round, arrows have no memory (P-IID)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-6 · The tail runs deeper than the bell curve (P-DEPTH)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-7 · A collapse round is a crater, not a bad afternoon (P-BLACK)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-8 · The floor changes with the bow (P-DIV)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-9 · Level is stable (P-REL)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-10 · Day-to-day drift is vertical (P-DIR)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-11 · Precision and consistency are two separate axes (P-AXIS)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-12 · The shape of the group is more stable than its size (P-SHAPE)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-13 · Vertical error has a ballistic component (P-VERT)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-14 · The X count measures fine centring (P-XRATE)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-15 · The quiet eye foreshadows the arrow (P-QE)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-16 · Eye dominance leaves a horizontal signature (P-EYE)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-17 · Level carries over from indoor to outdoor, regularity does not (P-TRANSFER)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-18 · A round has a profile over time (P-TIME)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-19 · A breakdown leaves a tail of disturbance (P-REC)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-20 · Form has a short memory (P-PERS)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-21 · Trainability is almost never a stable trait (P-TRAIN)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-22 · Growth is overestimated (P-DEV)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-23 · The first end pays an entry cost (P-WARMUP)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-24 · The day can be read early, a little (P-EARLY)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-25 · Rust is tuning (P-RUST)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-26 · The seasonal wave is almost all composition (P-SEASON)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-27 · Pressure is a vector (P-PRESS)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-28 · The favourite erodes through composition, not psychology (P-LEVEL)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-29 · The deciding set is not of higher quality (P-DECIDE)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-30 · In a shoot-off the group decides, not character (P-TIE)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-31 · After a disaster comes a rebound above average (P-BOUNCE)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-32 · The rebound is earned (P-RESIL)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-33 · Clutch is small (P-CLUTCH)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-34 · Release times have two humps (P-PANIC)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-35 · Wind has a shared part and a personal one (P-WIND)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-36 · There is a wind you cannot feel that still moves the group (P-GUST)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-37 · Cold costs, and it costs below a threshold (P-COLD)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-38 · Rain does not matter (P-RAIN)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-39 · The heartbeat window (P-HR)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-40 · Breathing writes in the vertical (P-BREATH)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-41 · Balance is projected onto the target face (P-SWAY)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-42 · Short sleep widens the group and leaves the centre where it was (P-SLEEP)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-43 · An everyday dose of caffeine widens the group (P-CAF)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-44 · Mixed practice pays off in competition (P-CI)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-45 · The gap between training and competition is a personal parameter (P-SPEC)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-46 · Overcorrection is widespread (P-CORR)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-47 · The favourite's erosion in real brackets (P-FINAL)"

Prediction registered: "PAV-48 · The set system acts as a shield in real matches too (P-SHIELD)"

"Around the release, a consumer EEG headset gives compound archers a higher attention score than recurve archers" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers hold back blinking after a stimulus less than kendo practitioners do" added to the registry as Reported

"Some shafts leave the bow already spinning, and the vanes have to be set in the direction of that spin" added to the registry as Not studied

"During the draw the load is shared between the rotator cuff and the deltoid, and no muscle comes close to its maximum" added to the registry as Transferred

"In kyudo a callus often forms on the bow hand" added to the registry as Reported

"The point where the arrow passes closest to the bow is not its tail, and that passage happens after it has left the string" added to the registry as Reported

"Training archers to sense their own release timing raises their scores" added to the registry as Reported

"Imagery training shortens an archer's visual reaction time" added to the registry as Reported

"In high-level archers the bow does not move measurably while the arrow is still on the string" added to the registry as Reported

"On a compound the two limbs do not bend by the same amount at full draw" added to the registry as Reported

"Eye-hand coordination is linked to score" added to the registry as Contested

"Expert archers keep the string elbow more open than beginners do" added to the registry as Reported

"One study found that, in beginners, learning a growth mindset does not go hand in hand with better scores" added to the registry as Contested

"Strengthening the lower trapezius reduces shoulder pain in archers" added to the registry as Not studied

"As it leaves the bow, the arrow flexes and snakes around the riser instead of leaving straight" moved from Reported to Corroborated

Automatic analysis of high-speed images puts a figure on the flexing that survives into flight, about seventy-five hertz on X10 shafts shot by a robot. Context that confirms, without shifting the status.

"Compound archers score higher than recurve archers, even with each shooting their own competition distance" added to the registry as Reported

"As it leaves the bow, the arrow flexes and snakes around the riser instead of leaving straight" added to the registry as Reported

"In expert kyudo archers the gaze does not stay fixed on the target during the draw" added to the registry as Reported

"At the release the load on the feet drops suddenly" added to the registry as Reported

"With a mechanical release the arrow flexes far less than it does off the fingers" added to the registry as Reported

"Small differences in launch speed account for much of the vertical spread" added to the registry as Reported

"One study found that twelve weeks of progressive relaxation do not change resting systolic blood pressure in women archers" added to the registry as Reported

"Scapular stabilisation exercises improve score" added to the registry as Contested

"An archer's blood glucose stays stable during a competition" added to the registry as Contested

"Stabilisers reduce the bow's lateral movement while the arrow is still on the string" added to the registry as Reported

"Specific drills combined with imagery reduce target panic symptoms" added to the registry as Reported

"Training both sides reduces the asymmetries caused by shooting" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers who feel their anxiety in the body choke more often in competition" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers aim better than other people even in an aiming task without a bow" added to the registry as Reported

"After a poor end, one of the ways elite archers respond is to look for the fix on their own, without going to the coach" added to the registry as Reported

"Training with a signal on release timing makes that timing more consistent" added to the registry as Reported

"While aiming, the bow arm sways slowly more than it trembles" added to the registry as Reported

"At rest young archers have normal cardiorespiratory values" added to the registry as Reported

"Indoors at 18 metres an elite recurve archer averages over nine and a half points per arrow" added to the registry as Contradicted

"During aiming, expert archers activate different brain areas from beginners" added to the registry as Reported

"One study found that blind archers are no more accurate than non-archers at finding the middle of a rod by touch" added to the registry as Reported

"High-level archers have long arms relative to their height and a narrow chest" added to the registry as Contested

"At 70 metres a top archer averages about nine points per arrow" added to the registry as Corroborated

"Of those who start a youth archery course, around four in ten leave before the end" added to the registry as Reported

"A compound bow stores between 70 and 100 joules and sheds about two thirds of the force at full draw" added to the registry as Reported

"During the release the arrow buckles under the load on its point" added to the registry as Contradicted

"At the top of recurve archery, left-handed archers are few" added to the registry as Reported

"Within a certain speed band the arrow can fly in either of two regimes, and that shifts the point of impact in height" added to the registry as Reported

"Holding aim for too long makes the shot worse" added to the registry as Contested

"On a traditional bow without a sight, marks on the limb calculated for each distance can do the job of a sight" added to the registry as Transferred

"The arrow is stressed hardest only at launch and at impact, while in flight almost nothing happens to it" added to the registry as Reported

"In traditional archery the bow grip should be chosen according to the archer's height" added to the registry as Contradicted

"Instructional self-talk improves the score" added to the registry as Contradicted

"Acceleration curves from wearable sensors resemble those from a laboratory optical system" added to the registry as Reported

"Higher-level archers are taller and heavier than beginners" added to the registry as Contested

"Archers who start lower gain more points from training" added to the registry as Contested

"Acute archery injuries mostly affect the fingers and hand" added to the registry as Contested

"A session of manual therapy after shooting did not help the archer's shoulder recover" added to the registry as Reported

"In kyudo, archers who have had the yips report more injuries than others" added to the registry as Contested

"The type of vane changes how fast the arrow spins" added to the registry as Reported

"Compound archers hold their balance better than recurve archers in the seconds before the release" added to the registry as Reported

"More pounds raise the energy cost of each arrow" added to the registry as Reported

"In their first sessions beginners improve, but very differently from one another" added to the registry as Reported

"In beginners, feeling that the challenge matches one's ability goes with more accurate shooting" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers classed at a higher level score more points" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers who jump higher score higher" added to the registry as Reported

"Among archers, those who shoot heavier draw weights send the arrow off faster" added to the registry as Reported

"The path by which the bow is raised and drawn changes balance while aiming" added to the registry as Reported

"A wrist accelerometer can pick out the moment of the shot, and does it better when the signal is processed" added to the registry as Reported

"One study of elite shooters found that caffeine does not change pre-competition anxiety" added to the registry as Transferred

"The movement parameters measured during the shot account for only part of an arrow's score" added to the registry as Reported

"On better arrows the joints of the shot compensate for each other more" added to the registry as Reported

"In kyudo, release problems are commoner among those who have practised for more years" added to the registry as Reported

"Walk-back tuning raises the score more than paper tuning" added to the registry as Reported

"Practising archery improves attention and concentration" added to the registry as Contested

"In an archer's urine, lactate mostly follows the physical load and far less the tension of competition" added to the registry as Contested

"An arrow that leaves the bow aligned with its path drifts less in a crosswind" added to the registry as Transferred

"As the level rises, scores within a group of archers sit closer together" added to the registry as Reported

"Commercial optical chronographs read arrow speed with an error of a couple of per cent" added to the registry as Reported

"The more a Japanese bow's limbs curve outwards at rest, the heavier it is to draw" added to the registry as Transferred

"Higher-level archers cope better with the fatigue of shooting" added to the registry as Reported

"Among competitive archers and golfers, those who have had target panic or the yips report choking only slightly more often than the rest" added to the registry as Reported

"The energy cost of shooting is low, and what there is grows with the archer's body size" added to the registry as Reported

"On the asymmetric Japanese bow the two limbs deform differently" added to the registry as Reported

"A carotenoid and omega-3 supplement improves the archer's sleep" added to the registry as Reported

"Ultrasound finds more entheseal changes in the elite archer's arm than in sedentary people" added to the registry as Not studied

"While aiming, the drawing arm's muscles work at over 80 per cent of their maximum, and at the release almost all of them switch off except the trapezius" added to the registry as Contested

"The bow shoulder works better in neutral rotation with the forearm supinated" added to the registry as Reported

"Along the shaft the airflow destabilises only under non-symmetric disturbances, and the disturbance always travels towards the nock" added to the registry as Transferred

"One study found no clear link between judging the arrival of a moving stimulus and score" added to the registry as Reported

"A chest band with fibre optic sensors measures breathing and mean heart rate with small errors, and an archer can wear it while shooting" added to the registry as Reported

"Combining gym strength with bow-specific strength improves scores more than either on its own" added to the registry as Reported

"Better archers have slightly shorter and, above all, more consistent reaction times" added to the registry as Contested

New in the Lab: "When Nobody Won: ties, competitions and seasons in archery"

Prediction registered: "QNV-1 · On real data TOTAL+ stays among the best tie-break rules"

Prediction registered: "QNV-2 · Anomalous arrows become less frequent at higher levels"

"Experienced archers show scapular dyskinesis more often than beginners" added to the registry as Not studied

"Spine measured at rest is not enough to predict how the arrow behaves when shot" added to the registry as Transferred

"A damper tuned to the tremor frequency reduces the bow's vibration while aiming" added to the registry as Reported

"Archery coaches use the internet to look up what they already know, not to learn" added to the registry as Contested

"Fine hand dexterity is linked to the score" added to the registry as Contradicted

"Equipment spending grows as the archer moves up in level" added to the registry as Reported

"A few weeks of archery change heart rate variability in sedentary people" added to the registry as Contested

"While aiming, the posterior deltoid and the middle trapezius are among the hardest-working shoulder muscles" added to the registry as Reported

"One upper-body weights session leaves young archers sore two days later" added to the registry as Reported

"One study of elite archers found no link between arrow length and score" added to the registry as Reported

"An arrow-launching machine at 70 m picks out defective arrows" added to the registry as Reported

"On better arrows the bow hand is more relaxed" added to the registry as Contested

"Eye colour makes no notable difference to shooting accuracy" added to the registry as Reported

"Balance training improves shooting accuracy" moved from Reported to Contested

Twelve weeks of Bosu balance work added to shooting, in thirty professional compound archers, take the score over fifteen arrows at 18 metres from 88.6 to 104.6, and those who improve their static balance most also gain most, with correlations between 0.49 and 0.59. It remains a single group with no control, and the spread between archers, plus or minus twenty-five points, exceeds the average gain, so some got worse. A review from the same year adds the reason to read the whole family with caution, since without a control group the reported gains reach more than thirty per cent of the score. Eight weeks of yoga raise the balance of twenty-five young women archers slightly, again with no control and with the score not among the outcomes. The before-and-after studies keep rising, while the randomised trial with a passive control in national-level archers still shows no effect: contested.

"A recurve competition arrow weighs about fifteen grams, is some sixty centimetres long and leaves the bow at around sixty metres per second" added to the registry as Contested

"The tension archers report does not build up over the course of a competition" added to the registry as Reported

"Strength work lengthens the time an archer can hold the bow at full draw" added to the registry as Reported

"At full draw more weight sits on the front leg" added to the registry as Contested

"Korea's edge in archery comes from the continuous training of its coaches, not from a secret technique" added to the registry as Not studied

"Archers get enough sleep" added to the registry as Contested

"In the Japanese bow draw force does not rise steadily through the draw" added to the registry as Transferred

"A heavier arrow, or one with the balance point further forward, drifts less in a crosswind" added to the registry as Transferred

"In beginners the score improves with a leftward shift of theta activity, not with the amount of brain activity" added to the registry as Reported

"Breathing at around six breaths a minute brings heart rate variability to its maximum" added to the registry as Transferred

"The arousal zone in which an archer shoots best changes with distance and with the competition format" added to the registry as Reported

"Finger hold time at full draw is linked to the score" added to the registry as Contested

"Archers who eat more tryptophan shoot higher scores in competition" added to the registry as Not studied

"Only a minority of elite archers have the arrow leave the string on the bow's median plane" added to the registry as Reported

"Body movement alone tells you which archer took the shot" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers stand more still than people who do not shoot" added to the registry as Reported

"Even a simple bow launches an arrow faster than a spear-thrower launches its dart" added to the registry as Reported

"Standing forward on the shooting line, closer to the target, gains points" added to the registry as Transferred

"Computer-based perceptual-cognitive training improves the score" added to the registry as Not studied

"In competition, experienced archers show more parasympathetic activity than novices" added to the registry as Reported

"The quicker the reaction to the clicker, the better the shot" added to the registry as Reported

"Twisting the bow with the hand moves the arrow on the target" added to the registry as Reported

New in the Lab: "The shoot-off in archery: how much is one arrow worth?"

"At equal performance on a visuospatial task, experienced archers activate the frontal attention areas more" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers with greater body awareness have a longer quiet eye" added to the registry as Not studied

"In the field a chronometer on the bow gives a repeatable measure of an interval that closely follows the reaction to the clicker" added to the registry as Reported

"A longer quiet eye improves shooting accuracy" added to the registry as Reported

"In a para archer the muscle synergies of the shot resemble those of an archer without a disability, but the muscles are weighted differently" added to the registry as Reported

"Mental training pays off more when it runs for at least twelve weeks" added to the registry as Reported

"Shooting technique is the same indoors and outdoors" added to the registry as Reported

"The type of bow does not change an archer's respiratory function" added to the registry as Not studied

"Physical conditioning improves shooting accuracy" added to the registry as Reported

"In head-to-head matches, upsets happen when the two archers are of similar level" added to the registry as Contested

"In kyudo, the commonest shooting problem is releasing too early" added to the registry as Reported

"A sleep education programme helps young archers sleep better" added to the registry as Contested

"With an audio sight an archer can shoot without seeing the target" added to the registry as Reported

"Even among elite archers, many show signs of twisting the bow" added to the registry as Reported

"Recurve archers are on average taller and heavier than compound or Indian traditional archers" added to the registry as Contested

"A strength programme lowers the archer's heart rate under exertion" added to the registry as Not studied

"One study found that nicotine gum improves archers' concentration and manual dexterity" added to the registry as Reported

"Rotator cuff strengthening prevents shoulder injuries in archers" added to the registry as Not studied

"With a compound and a release aid, arrows stiffer than recommended group like the recommended one" added to the registry as Reported

"During Ramadan an archer's fatigue is concentrated in the first two weeks" added to the registry as Reported

"In parents' support for their archer children, equipment is the part that least often reaches a high level" added to the registry as Reported

"An arrow that oscillates less in flight groups more tightly" added to the registry as Contradicted

"The more wind there is, the lower the score, independently of temperature" added to the registry as Reported

"Even in competition at the highest level, most arrows are not tens" added to the registry as Corroborated

"L-theanine lowers an archer's anxiety and stress markers in the minutes before competition" added to the registry as Reported

"A mental training programme improves the elite archer's mood" added to the registry as Reported

"The less the string-hand forearm muscles work, the better the shot" added to the registry as Contested

"Better aerobic capacity goes with higher scores" added to the registry as Contested

"Core exercises improve an archer's balance" added to the registry as Contested

"Scores fall as shooting distance increases" added to the registry as Reported

"Arrow spine has to be matched to draw weight and arrow length" added to the registry as Reported

"Giving an experienced archer a bow other than their own does not change their precision" added to the registry as Reported

"A shaft that buckles on release breaks in the middle and leaves sharp edges" added to the registry as Reported

"An archer's specific strength is measured properly only with a device that reproduces the bow's draw" added to the registry as Not studied

"In archery the shoulder is the most common site of overuse injury" moved from Corroborated to Reported

The first result on archers pointing the other way arrives. In 13 young Turkish archers the most reported pain is in the back and lower back and the shoulder does not stand out; the sample is tiny and the instrument is an office ergonomics questionnaire, so it weighs little against six consistent samples and is not enough to make the picture contested, but corroborated requires nothing pointing against, and on the more cautious reading the status drops to reported. On ultrasound the supraspinatus of elite archers turns out thicker and more often eroded, which is a sign of load on the shoulder rather than a count of injuries, and it comes from a preprint that has not been peer reviewed.

"Scores do not fall in the second half of a competition, even though fatigue builds up" moved from Not studied to Reported

Two studies of competitive archers arrive and point the same way. In a Brazilian crossover on a simulated 60-arrow indoor round the two halves give close averages, 218.8 and 216.0 points, while self-reported fatigue climbs from 2 to 3.8 and then to 5.8 out of ten; the study does not test that comparison, though, because its p values compare the social-media condition with the control condition. In a Turkish university group the score does not change from the first to the last of ten ends. The evidence points the claim's way, but the samples are small, the rounds simulated and short, and nearly every comparison of the halves, the only real competition included, is read without a test: it stays limited.

"In archers, age is not associated with more overuse injuries" added to the registry as Contested

"Archers with more self confidence score higher" added to the registry as Reported

"In beginners, anxiety weighs on shooting only in those more prone to worry" added to the registry as Not studied

"The shoot-off arrow rewards the better archer" moved from Not studied to Reported

From international head-to-head matches comes context pointing the same way, but for the last arrow of a set rather than for the shoot-off: the higher an archer's own qualification score is against the opponent's, the better that arrow, and it is the variable that weighs most in the whole analysis. It is not the shoot-off arrow, so the status does not move.

"In competition, archers match energy and carbohydrate intake to the day's load" added to the registry as Reported

"Between male and female archers the strength gap is large, while on flexibility and dexterity the advantage reverses" added to the registry as Reported

"Dynamic balance is linked to the score" added to the registry as Reported

"Expert archers keep their gaze steadier than less experienced archers, even when distracted" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers more dependent on their smartphone shoot lower scores" added to the registry as Not studied

"An archer falls apart when they feel they have to win, not when the competition is hard" added to the registry as Reported

"For archers, isometric endurance matters more than maximal strength" moved from Not studied to Contradicted

Two groups of six elite Malaysian archers point the claim's way, with the high-repetition, light-load work gaining roughly twice as many points, but the two groups were never compared with each other and started eight points apart, so the finding stays context. In the same year, in eighteen young recurve archers, the time spent holding the bow in the shooting position falls just short of significance without being set beside a maximal test. Neither shifts the picture: it stays contradicted.

"Beyond its first bending mode the arrow vibrates in higher modes, the second at about three times the first" added to the registry as Reported

"Few archers warm up or do supplementary exercises" added to the registry as Contested

"Some of the angles of the shot are nearly identical in every archer, others change from archer to archer" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers who hold concentration better shoot higher scores" added to the registry as Contested

"About 150 points on a FITA round separate a club archer from a national-team archer" added to the registry as Corroborated

"Among young archers, trust in the coach is what keeps them wanting to carry on" added to the registry as Reported

"One study found that muscle-load marks on bones are not enough to identify an archer" added to the registry as Transferred

"Strengthening the lower trapezius brings the draw closer to the line of force" added to the registry as Contested

"Keeping the shoulder muscles active through the follow-through is linked to better arrows" moved from Reported to Contested

The thesis that gathers the same French work gives the form closest to the claim: through the follow-through the eight elite archers hold the middle and upper trapezius and the drawing-arm finger extensor more active than the seven intermediates. Inside the elite group, though, the link to the individual arrow still concerns the trunk and not the shoulder. The same year a Ukrainian theoretical model, with no data, describes the follow-through as the phase that holds the movement together after the release and provides the sensory feedback through which the motor programme is refined: it is a hypothesis about why the muscles stay on, not a measurement of their link to the arrows. Fifty years of measurements, and the thing coaching teaches remains an association on small samples, with two studies of the individual arrow pointing the other way: contested.

"Framing training as a game raises beginners' scores" added to the registry as Reported

"In the competition period, women archers' menstrual cycles become less regular" added to the registry as Not studied

"A well-built shooting machine groups more tightly than an archer" added to the registry as Reported

"In compound at 50 metres, archers shooting at the upper target face are at a disadvantage" added to the registry as Transferred

"Aligning the drawing elbow with the line of force improves the score" moved from Contradicted to Contested

The thesis that takes up the eight French elite archers confirms that the string shoulder and elbow do not change between good and bad arrows, neither in the group nor in the individuals, and adds a figure worth keeping: at aim the elite archers hold the shoulder more abducted and the elbow more flexed than the intermediates, in other words a different geometry that does not turn into better arrows. The year's only support is a systematic review in a journal with doubtful editorial standards, which by our rules does not decide a status, and which leans on the same 2023 study, already counted here with its tiny correlation and its group comparison that finds nothing. That same review notes that a small deviation from the line of force is the norm. The status stays contested.

"Cross-dominance between eye and hand worsens accuracy" added to the registry as Contested

"Expert archers repeat the shot with less variability than beginners" added to the registry as Reported

"In kyudo the twist the hand gives the grip shifts where the arrow lands" added to the registry as Reported

"In competition, national-team archers are no less anxious than other archers" added to the registry as Not studied

"Archery practice is a light-intensity physical activity" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers who shoot better are more relaxed" added to the registry as Not studied

"Extreme heat lowers competition scores" added to the registry as Reported

"Anxiety in female archers does not change during menstruation" added to the registry as Not studied

"In the qualification round, away from the top and the tail of the ranking, one point is worth from under one place to almost four" added to the registry as Reported

"Holding the shooting position demands between forty and fifty per cent of maximal force, and at that level the muscle fails in under a minute" added to the registry as Reported

"Over the first weeks of practice less information flows from the cortex to the shooting muscles" added to the registry as Reported

"A bow that is too heavy for the archer encourages the yips" added to the registry as Contradicted

"Breathing or visualisation exercises improve an archer's balance" added to the registry as Reported

"Yoga improves young archers' attention" added to the registry as Reported

"Caffeine improves accuracy in archery" moved from Contradicted to Contested

The second study in archers arrives, and it points the opposite way to the first: twelve university recurve archers shoot 8.33 points per arrow after two hundred milligrams of caffeine against 6.61 in the session without, a large effect, although in three ends out of ten the difference is not significant. The design is weak, though: no placebo, no randomisation and the caffeine session always second, on a starting score so low that getting into the swing of it remains an open explanation. There are now two studies in archers and they disagree: the one with a blinded placebo, in six boys short of sleep, finds nothing; the one without a placebo, in twelve adults, finds a huge jump. Contestato.

"Archers who see the target as bigger shoot better" added to the registry as Reported

"On a compound bow the shape of the force-draw curve is governed by the cam profile" added to the registry as Transferred

"A larger working memory does not make an archer more accurate" added to the registry as Reported

"Training slow breathing improves sustained attention" added to the registry as Reported

"Slow breathing exercises improve the score" added to the registry as Reported

"Computer training that draws attention away from threats reduces an anxious archer's attention to threats" added to the registry as Contradicted

"An annual calendar with more control competitions and fewer selection competitions brings better results at the major events" added to the registry as Reported

"An archer's eye and hand dominance profile says something about their mental make-up" added to the registry as Transferred

"The body moves the same way in recurve and in compound" added to the registry as Contested

"One study found that reappraising one's emotions does not come with better performance" added to the registry as Reported

"In field archery the lightest shaft for a given spine is the better choice, and a thinner one if it is windy" added to the registry as Transferred

"Balance training improves shooting accuracy" added to the registry as Reported

"A competition riser can be made a fifth lighter with almost no loss of stiffness" added to the registry as Transferred

"Experienced archers judge space more accurately than people who do not shoot" added to the registry as Contested

"Elite compound archers draw more pounds than recurve archers" added to the registry as Reported

"On a compound bow the draw force is a little higher than the let-down force" added to the registry as Reported

"Arm strength is linked to shooting accuracy" added to the registry as Contested

"Practising on the non-dominant side as well makes the dominant side improve more" added to the registry as Contested

"While aiming, the bow sways more horizontally than vertically" added to the registry as Reported

"Stabilisers improve shooting accuracy" added to the registry as Not studied

"Arrow groups widen more than in proportion to distance" moved from Not studied to Reported

Between 2019 and 2020 three new papers by the same researcher stay at the level of models. A dynamic model of flight in wind repeats that drift grows with the square of distance; the Archery Australia scoring model gives an archer scoring about 700 a group of 38.3 millimetres at seventy metres and 25.6 at fifty, a ratio of 1.5 against 1.4 for the distances, but that is an assumption built into the model; and the score curves for recurve at seventy metres and compound at fifty coincide because the model is calibrated that way. No new measurement on archers: the status stays reported.

"An archer's arteries do not widen the way an endurance athlete's do" added to the registry as Contested

"Training at home with the coach following online lowers young archers' anxiety" added to the registry as Not studied

"In competition archers read their coach's behaviour, and what they see changes their confidence" added to the registry as Reported

"The kisser button is widely used, and most archers do not find it a nuisance" added to the registry as Reported

"A thinner arrow drifts less in the wind" added to the registry as Reported

"Heart rate variability tells you whether the training load is right" added to the registry as Transferred

"At the same peak force a compound stores far more energy than a recurve and is held at full draw with far less force" added to the registry as Transferred

"Shooting at a blank bale cures target panic" added to the registry as Contradicted

"On a production compound the upper and lower limbs are identical" added to the registry as Reported

"In kyudo, experts react less than beginners when they imagine the shot" added to the registry as Reported

"In the first months a beginner improves anyway, even without any special training" added to the registry as Reported

"Elastic band exercises improve the score" moved from Reported to Contested

The second randomised trial on the question, and the first to isolate the bands from everything else: in twenty-four traditional archers followed for eight weeks the score does not differ between those who add the bands and those who simply shoot, even though the bands raise grip, thumb pinch and back and leg strength, while on shoulder proprioception and mobility the two groups cannot be told apart. Studies of archers point in opposite directions, and the two randomised trials split as well: the 2008 one mixes the bands with respiratory muscle work and does not publish the means, while this one reports the comparison between the groups and finds no difference. The status falls to contested.

"Mental training lowers an archer's pre-competition anxiety" added to the registry as Contested

"Training at the longer distances improves concentration more than ordinary training" added to the registry as Contested

"Muscle fatigue increases bow sway while aiming" added to the registry as Reported

"Australian timbers are poorly suited to self bows" added to the registry as Reported

"Nine elite archers in ten report at least 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram a day, but four in ten stay below 1.2" added to the registry as Reported

"Competitive archers' training volume varies enormously from one setting to another" added to the registry as Reported

"What the bowyer says about the core materials of the Japanese bow only partly holds up in mechanical testing" added to the registry as Reported

"Target panic arises when the release loses its automaticity" moved from Not studied to Predicted

The Lab sets out the de-automatization hypothesis and registers seven testable predictions, still awaiting an outcome. In the same year a theoretical model published in a regional journal independently proposes a similar mechanism: the movement breaks down when conscious control returns to the final phase and execution switches from programmed to reactive, with target panic as the consequence. It is a proposal without data, like the Lab's hypothesis, so it moves nothing: until the predictions are tested, the answer is still awaited.

"A shooting machine reproduces the arrow's behaviour with a human archer" added to the registry as Contested

New in the Lab: "ARCOS · Archery Reliability & Consistency Operating System"

New in the Lab: "Target panic as the de-automatization of a ballistic act"

Prediction registered: "TP-1 · Co-contraction grows with the stakes"

Prediction registered: "TP-2 · A continuous variable under a step outcome"

Prediction registered: "TP-3 · The specificity to acts under the latency"

Prediction registered: "TP-4 · Co-contraction bound to context, not lesion"

Prediction registered: "TP-5 · A neural signature of de-automatization"

Prediction registered: "TP-6 · A dissociation between interventions, by mechanism"

Prediction registered: "TP-7 · The effect is mediated by measured co-contraction"

"Foam rolling before shooting improves score" added to the registry as Not studied

"Archery can cause a stress fracture of the first rib on the bow side" added to the registry as Reported

"A mobility and stretching programme improves an archer's flexibility" added to the registry as Reported

"The shooting stance is far less stable than ordinary standing" added to the registry as Contested

"In studies of competitive archers the mean score per arrow sits around seven points, not nine" added to the registry as Corroborated

"Ramadan fasting lowers an archer's score" added to the registry as Contradicted

"At release the string tension rises well above the draw weight" added to the registry as Transferred

"On the shooting line the coach communicates with the archer more through gestures than words" added to the registry as Reported

"The shoot-off arrow rewards the better archer" added to the registry as Not studied

"Target panic affects almost one competitive archer in two" added to the registry as Reported

"Arrows do not spread evenly over the target face: the upper half collects more of them than the lower half" added to the registry as Reported

"With the shoulder line aligned, the two sides of the back work at the same level; with the shoulders tilted, they do not" added to the registry as Reported

"When the distance is unknown, judging error grows with distance" added to the registry as Reported

"Many competitive archers weigh more than is normal for their height" added to the registry as Contested

"While aiming, women archers have a higher heart rate than men" added to the registry as Contested

"More training days a week go with more overuse injuries" added to the registry as Contested

"Watching videos of expert archers improves young beginners' technique more than training alone" added to the registry as Reported

"On a recurve there is no single right centreshot or button tension, but a range" added to the registry as Transferred

"The longer the distance, the more variable the score becomes" added to the registry as Reported

"In competitive archers shoulder pain is common but almost always mild, and it comes back" added to the registry as Reported

"Along its flight the arrow loses an appreciable part of its launch speed" added to the registry as Corroborated

"A yoga programme raises an archer's score" added to the registry as Reported

New in the Lab: "ARCHEON"

"A bite plate that raises the occlusion reduces body sway while aiming" added to the registry as Contested

"On a compound the rest position matters little, as long as the arrow passes freely" added to the registry as Transferred

"In a beginner, posture faults come together" added to the registry as Reported

"The more important the competition, the worse the decisive arrow is shot" added to the registry as Contested

"Top archers shoot moderate draw weights, between thirty and forty pounds" added to the registry as Contested

"One study found that a strengths-based positive psychology programme does not improve elite archers' optimism or use of their strengths any more than happens without it" added to the registry as Reported

"Rain, humidity and temperature make no measurable difference to the score" added to the registry as Contested

"Even a little alcohol makes the outstretched arm less steady" added to the registry as Transferred

"Helical fletching makes the arrow lose more speed in flight than straight fletching" added to the registry as Contested

"Vane type and size change the arrow's launch speed only slightly" added to the registry as Reported

"Keeping a self-reflection journal does not improve the score" added to the registry as Reported

"Hundreds of thousands of vibration cycles do not appreciably change an arrow's characteristics" added to the registry as Contradicted

"The longer an archer's brain stays in a frontally generated state while aiming, the lower the score" added to the registry as Reported

"Shooting with stabilisers costs the muscles more work" added to the registry as Reported

"Reviewing your shooting videos with your coach speeds up progress" added to the registry as Not studied

"A heavier draw weight leads to higher scores" moved from Not studied to Reported

The third study on archers arrives, twenty-seven regional compound archers: a greater draw force goes with higher scores, but only by way of arrow speed, since the direct effect is nil. Within the same sample the men draw far more force than the women and score the same. Three cross-sectional associations, none of which has the same archers shoot different draw weights, do not add up to corroborated: the status stays reported.

"A horn-and-sinew composite bow shoots better than a wooden bow of the same draw weight" added to the registry as Reported

"Higher-level archers distribute their attention better" added to the registry as Contested

"Higher-level archers have a stronger grip than beginners" added to the registry as Reported

"The brain's response to the clicker is larger on the arrows that land near the centre" added to the registry as Contested

"A sound or light cue about the angle of the bow arm tightens beginners' groups" added to the registry as Reported

"In young archers the load of shooting, from draw weight and arrows shot in competition, can cause an overuse injury to the shoulder" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers who set themselves more precise goals also report more drive to achieve" added to the registry as Not studied

"Even in elite archers the time between the clicker and the release changes from arrow to arrow" added to the registry as Reported

"Those who have had the yips report more social anxiety and a stronger need to hide their flaws" added to the registry as Contested

"Higher-level archers and those in a squad report fewer overuse injuries" added to the registry as Reported

"Nicotine gum before shooting raises the score" added to the registry as Reported

New in the Lab: "Pre-anchor block and premature string release"

"Archers with shoulder pain have the same abduction strength as those without" added to the registry as Reported

"Among people who shoot, men have far greater drawing strength than women" added to the registry as Reported

"EEG neurofeedback improves an archer's score" added to the registry as Contradicted

"Training at varied distances raises the score more than always shooting at the same one" added to the registry as Contested

"Expert archers do not grip the bow: the bow hand stays open even after the release" added to the registry as Reported

"Many archers arrive at training already dehydrated and drink less than they need" added to the registry as Contested

"On release, the string hand slides back rather than staying put" added to the registry as Reported

"With the same bow, men and women load the lower back differently" added to the registry as Reported

"Shifting work from maximal strength to coordination improves the archer's technical precision" added to the registry as Not studied

"Gravity and air drag are enough to say where the arrow lands" added to the registry as Reported

"Mental skills training improves the score" moved from Contradicted to Contested

Another randomised trial in a journal with questionable editorial standards: in thirty competitive archers in Jaipur, four weeks of imagery or self-talk raise the score by fifteen and thirteen points while the control stays put. The shooting test is not described and the tables do not match the stated design. The duration stands out, four weeks like the Greek study that found nothing, but with a venue and a report like these it is not enough to unsettle the idea that duration matters. Among studies in reliable venues the count stays at two in favour and two against, and the status remains contested.

"Elite archers feel more committed when their coach involves them in planning" added to the registry as Reported

"In competition elite archers prefer a coach who steps in little and when asked" added to the registry as Contested

"Before competition worry weighs on archers more than somatic anxiety" added to the registry as Reported

"To measure an archer's heart rate variability you need RMSSD, not the ratio between the bands" added to the registry as Transferred

"In young archers the tendency to be on edge goes with difficulty communicating, not with character traits" added to the registry as Reported

"With a heavier draw weight the trunk, shoulder and elbow angles change during the shot" added to the registry as Contested

"The more the vanes are angled, the sooner the arrow spins up and the more turns it makes in the first metres of flight" added to the registry as Transferred

"On days of period pain women archers' average score does not drop significantly" added to the registry as Reported

"In archery the scoring gap between men and women is small" added to the registry as Reported

"Holding the drawing elbow above shoulder height makes the hold less steady" added to the registry as Transferred

"After two arrows outside the 10, elite women archers recover less than men on the next arrow" added to the registry as Reported

"In expert archers the release is not a reaction to the clicker going off" added to the registry as Reported

"An unvarying shot sequence helps an archer with target panic" added to the registry as Reported

"A continuous final pull through the clicker leads to better shots" added to the registry as Reported

"Recurve archers have stronger shoulders than compound archers" added to the registry as Reported

"Children who practise archery do better at school" added to the registry as Reported

"On better arrows the finger flexors work less before the clicker goes off" added to the registry as Contested

"Arrow positions can be recorded by hand from a photograph of the target face" added to the registry as Transferred

"The drawing arm's tremor comes from the upper arm rather than the shoulder blade, and muscle activity explains only part of it" added to the registry as Reported

"At big competitions many archers lose points to a badly adjusted sight" moved from Not studied to Reported

The same researcher returns to the photographs of the 2013 targets with a model: at fifty metres off-centre groups cost on average between 1.35 and 2.92 points over 36 arrows depending on the division, under half a point for the top twenty men's compound archers, and the loss grows with the square of the offset. These are the same data as in 2014 and nobody has yet recorded the sight settings: the status stays reported.

"Quiet eye can be measured automatically from the electrical signal of the eyes" added to the registry as Reported

"In archery the shoulder is the most common site of overuse injury" added to the registry as Corroborated

"A school archery course improves pupils' motivation and wellbeing" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers who win medals have greater mental toughness" added to the registry as Not studied

"A Japanese bow glued with traditional animal glue pushes the arrow harder in the final stretch, at the same peak speed" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers often have poor general physical condition" added to the registry as Reported

"Through the follow-through the archer's shoulder turns about thirty degrees" added to the registry as Reported

"In some archers the arrow tends to land on the opposite side to where the aim drifts" added to the registry as Reported

"For novices, practising with the non-dominant side as well improves the side they shoot with" added to the registry as Reported

"Scores do not fall in the second half of a competition, even though fatigue builds up" added to the registry as Not studied

"The phases of the shot can be recognised and timed automatically from video" added to the registry as Reported

"In kyudo, nearly two archers in three have had at least one kind of release problem" added to the registry as Reported

"A second before the arrow reaches the target, the brain's electrical activity already differs from its resting state" added to the registry as Reported

"In competition an archer's heart rate stays well above resting values" added to the registry as Reported

"Elite archers supported by a nutrition professional are slimmer and train more" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers who ruminate on mistakes choke more often in competition" added to the registry as Reported

"A lower heart rate at the moment of the shot improves the score" moved from Reported to Contested

The split widens with better data on both sides. In favour: forty-five traditional Turkish archers, where those with the lower average heart rate while shooting score higher, with a strong correlation in the women and a moderate one in the men; thirty-two Indian archers, where heart rate while aiming, at release and in the follow-through is negatively correlated with score; and fifty video clips from international competitions, where heart rate estimated from the face remains the heaviest variable alongside arm movement. Against: in the Indian study a second session with a lower heart rate gives exactly the same score. These are cross-sectional associations on one side and a within-archer comparison on the other, and the contrary result in elite archers has not been withdrawn: contested.

"Archers are more aroused in competition than in training" added to the registry as Corroborated

"Little sleep the night before does not worsen accuracy" added to the registry as Reported

"While aiming, the bow moves less and less as the release gets closer" added to the registry as Reported

"Mental training increases an archer's use of cognitive imagery, but not of motivational imagery" added to the registry as Contradicted

"In kyudo, those who develop a release problem often do not get over it" added to the registry as Reported

"A medium-weight wooden bow with a very light cane arrow does not exceed forty metres per second and only works at close range" added to the registry as Reported

"During the aim, elite archers' brains work in a more coordinated way than those of lower-level archers" added to the registry as Reported

"For archers, isometric endurance matters more than maximal strength" added to the registry as Not studied

"Archers tell small differences in pressure on the drawing finger apart less well than non-archers" added to the registry as Reported

"On the shoot-off arrow archers score less than in the rest of the match" added to the registry as Reported

"Elite archers share one single correct shooting technique" added to the registry as Refuted

"Weekly arrow volume should rise by no more than 10% at a time" added to the registry as Not studied

"Men and women shoot with different angles" added to the registry as Contested

"Acute stress just before shooting changes an archer's score" added to the registry as Not studied

"A few nutrition education sessions change how an archer eats and raise blood glucose in competition" added to the registry as Reported

"Dynamic shoulder stretching just before shooting worsens the score" added to the registry as Reported

New in the Lab: "The set system in archery: the mathematics of who wins"

"Within an end the first arrow scores more than the ones after it" added to the registry as Contested

"The spine recommended by manufacturers' charts is the spine top archers actually use" added to the registry as Reported

"The ideal level of arousal for shooting well differs from archer to archer" added to the registry as Reported

"Among elite archers, those with a more consistent release time score higher" added to the registry as Reported

"Keeping the shoulder muscles active through the follow-through is linked to better arrows" added to the registry as Reported

"Shooting seated, in a more stable position, does not produce higher scores than shooting standing" added to the registry as Not studied

"Arrow groups are wider horizontally than vertically" added to the registry as Reported

"Over a shooting session, an isotonic drink instead of water did not change scores" added to the registry as Reported

"Before competing, an archer's anxiety varies with the distance shot" added to the registry as Not studied

"On a stress tolerance test, young archers do no better than peers from other sports" added to the registry as Reported

"At a similar spine, an aluminium shaft weighs more than a carbon one" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers who cope with stress by focusing on the task choke less often in competition" added to the registry as Reported

"Aligning the drawing elbow with the line of force improves the score" added to the registry as Contradicted

"A straighter shaft gives tighter impacts" added to the registry as Contested

"Matching the arrows in a set by weight and nominal spine is not enough" added to the registry as Reported

"Flat feet are more common among archers than in running sports such as football" added to the registry as Reported

"Point shape and vane type change the arrow's aerodynamic drag a great deal" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers who dwell on past mistakes shoot lower scores" moved from Reported to Contested

A Malaysian group measures the mental skills of fifty young archers with a questionnaire and finds that freedom from worry is the only one that does not set apart those who shoot better. The scale asks how much one worries about making mistakes and about others' judgement, not how much one goes back to mistakes already made, but worry about making mistakes is a close relative of dwelling on them, and this is the first finding to point the opposite way to 1986. It is weak: just six arrows, groups built by combining mental skills and score, differences shown in plots with no test, and the group's two articles report the same sample, which counts once. With one study on each side, contested.

"Elite archers' anxiety rises from the ranking round to the matches, and stays high in the team event too" added to the registry as Reported

"An archery course raises beginners' self-confidence" added to the registry as Reported

"More anxious archers shoot lower scores in competition" added to the registry as Contested

"Strength training shortens an archer's reaction times" added to the registry as Reported

"In archers' physical preparation, the legs are neglected" added to the registry as Reported

"In a match the first set is shot slightly lower than the second" added to the registry as Reported

"One trial is not enough: strength and muscle activity measurements on archers need repeating" added to the registry as Contradicted

"Female archers report more pre-competition anxiety than male archers" added to the registry as Reported

"Beyond 100 arrows in a session the shoulder muscles fatigue" moved from Reported to Contested

The first result in the opposite direction arrives, and it comes from the same twenty Polish archers as the 2024 articles: after a hundred arrows the tone, stiffness and elasticity of six shoulder and forearm muscles do not change, across thirty comparisons and with no effect of time after correction, for instance posterior deltoid stiffness going from 293 to 301 newtons per metre. The mechanical properties of a muscle and the electrical signs of fatigue are not the same measure, but they answer the same question, and the same sample now points two ways: at a hundred arrows the electrical signal falls in two muscles while others compensate, yet none of the six becomes measurably different. Contested. The same study also supplies the background figure that was missing, since those archers shoot an average of a hundred and eleven arrows per session once or twice a week, which puts the claim's threshold inside ordinary training.

"With bows up to 32 pounds the loads on the lower back stay below risk thresholds" added to the registry as Reported

"In archers a larger lung capacity goes with higher scores" added to the registry as Reported

"On a right-handed compound, at full draw the arrow should be aligned slightly to the right of the centre of the target" added to the registry as Transferred

"Wheelchair archers report better quality of life and social integration from their sport, as much as athletes in other wheelchair sports" added to the registry as Reported

"Changing something in the equipment gives relief from target panic" added to the registry as Reported

"More body fat goes with lower scores" added to the registry as Contested

"While aiming, a movement of a fraction of a millimetre becomes centimetres of error on the target" added to the registry as Transferred

"A finer sense of shoulder position goes with better scores" added to the registry as Contested

"Higher-level archers complete the draw more quickly" added to the registry as Contested

"In competition elite archers keep track of their opponents' scores and switch off between rounds" added to the registry as Reported

"After the release the body moves far more than it does while aiming" added to the registry as Reported

"Stronger archers shoot heavier draw weights" added to the registry as Contradicted

"For bow-specific strength, push-ups do more than pull-ups" added to the registry as Contested

"Head-to-head matches put more pressure on archers than the qualification round" added to the registry as Reported

"Within one group of archers, scores differ widely from one archer to another" added to the registry as Corroborated

"A pose estimation model can locate an archer's joints from ordinary footage" added to the registry as Not studied

"Static stretching before shooting does not change the score" added to the registry as Reported

"A strength programme away from the range increases an archer's measured strength" added to the registry as Reported

"In one squad of national-level archers observed in training, almost all the time goes into repeating technique and none into competition-like practice" added to the registry as Reported

"Years of practice tell how good an archer is" added to the registry as Contested

"Caffeine improves accuracy in archery" added to the registry as Contradicted

"With a compound the arrow flexes less than with a recurve and leaves almost aligned" added to the registry as Transferred

"An arrow shot by an archer has more consistent drag from shot to shot than one launched by a machine" added to the registry as Reported

"A day of competition does not lower an archer's salivary IgA" added to the registry as Reported

"Archery is a sport with a low risk of injury" added to the registry as Contested

"Experienced traditional archers shoot bows of around forty pounds" added to the registry as Reported

"Cutting arrow volume in the days before a competition improves performance" added to the registry as Not studied

"Kinesiology tape improves an archer's sense of shoulder position" added to the registry as Contested

"A heavier draw weight leads to higher scores" added to the registry as Not studied

"Studying online as well does not make beginners quicker at assembling and dismantling the bow" added to the registry as Reported

"Some archers shoot with an uncorrected refractive error" added to the registry as Reported

"The time spent on the phases of the shot does not predict an arrow's score" added to the registry as Contested

"A few weeks of shooting alone improve shoulder mobility" added to the registry as Reported

"Mental skills training raises an archer's confidence" added to the registry as Reported

"In competition, compound archers are less anxious than recurve archers" added to the registry as Not studied

"Recurve archers get injured more often than compound archers" added to the registry as Contested

"The string's material and number of strands change the arrow's speed" added to the registry as Contested

"Male and female archers have different mental profiles" added to the registry as Contested

"In archers, more leg strength goes with higher scores" added to the registry as Reported

"The higher the archer's level, the tighter and better centred the group" added to the registry as Reported

"For Paralympic wheelchair archers, a dedicated conditioning programme raises strength and competition results" added to the registry as Reported

"Score drops as the session goes on" added to the registry as Transferred

"With a thumb release the bow arm works harder than the string arm" added to the registry as Reported

"Shooting in virtual reality does not load the archer the way a real bow does" added to the registry as Transferred

"The less the body sways while aiming, the better the shot" added to the registry as Reported

"One study of an archer who shoots with his foot found far greater foot dexterity than in non-archers and a larger area of brain for the toes and knee" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers can wear sensors while shooting without being disturbed" added to the registry as Not studied

"A sizeable share of the score differences between archers comes down to mental factors" added to the registry as Reported

"Holding the force steadier over time gives better scores" added to the registry as Reported

"Arrow groups widen more than in proportion to distance" added to the registry as Not studied

"Woods suited to self bows have a high ratio of bending strength to stiffness" added to the registry as Reported

"Among elite youth archers, girls and boys shoot similar draw weights" added to the registry as Not studied

"Accuracy does not drop in competition compared with practice" added to the registry as Reported

"Without the clicker you lose draw length" added to the registry as Contradicted

"Half of elite youth archers shoot with pain that has lasted for months" added to the registry as Reported

"What the bow does not give the arrow stays in its moving parts: recoil and nock separation count for next to nothing" added to the registry as Reported

"Single-leg static balance is linked to score" added to the registry as Contested

"Higher-level archers carry more muscle mass" added to the registry as Reported

"With their eyes closed, archers reproduce a shoulder angle with errors of a few degrees" added to the registry as Reported

"Most elite archers have no professional nutritional support" added to the registry as Reported

"An elite archer spends more than fifteen hours a week training" added to the registry as Reported

"Training one mental skill also improves the others" added to the registry as Not studied

"Years of practice alone do not tell an archer's level" added to the registry as Contested

"One study found that arriving dehydrated at a hot competition does not lower the score" added to the registry as Reported

"A thumb grip on the string is less tiring than a finger grip" added to the registry as Reported

"The more anxious an archer is before the shot, the faster they breathe" added to the registry as Not studied

"A lower heart rate at the moment of the shot improves the score" added to the registry as Reported

"During menstruation women archers have slightly less strength and poorer balance" added to the registry as Not studied

"Archers with an early release say the arrow goes off by itself, against their will" added to the registry as Reported

"In more experienced archers the transversus abdominis plays a larger part in stabilising the trunk" added to the registry as Reported

"A few weeks of breathing exercises improve young archers' respiratory function" added to the registry as Reported

"Mental skills training improves the score" moved from Not studied to Contradicted

The first attempt with a comparison group arrives, and finds nothing: four weeks of imagery and relaxation, eight sessions plus practice at home, in eighteen Greek archers, with two official competitions as the before and after measure. Both groups gain about fifteen points out of six hundred and the analysis of the post-test finds no difference. One study only, and it points the other way: contradicted, which is as much as a single paper can carry.

"At the moment of the shot, compound archers have a higher heart rate than recurve archers" added to the registry as Reported

"In youth clubs, about one archer in four comes out as poorly motivated to train" added to the registry as Not studied

"Weekly training hours do not go with higher scores" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers with a stronger goal orientation score higher in competition" added to the registry as Not studied

"A self-hypnosis programme raises the concentration and emotional control archers report" added to the registry as Reported

"Elastic band exercises improve the score" added to the registry as Reported

"Picturing a calming scene does not produce a relaxation response in kyudo archers" added to the registry as Reported

"In expert kyudo archers breathing follows a fixed pattern even when they only imagine or watch the shot, in less experienced ones it does not" added to the registry as Reported

"A few weeks of core exercises change an archer's measured strength and stability" added to the registry as Contested

"Arrows released during diastole score higher" added to the registry as Reported

"The brain's electrical activity during the aim differs before the best arrows" added to the registry as Contested

"Lower trapezius exercises rebalance the work of an archer's trapezius muscles" added to the registry as Reported

"The same archer's heart rate changes from one session to the next" added to the registry as Reported

"In competition the longest phase of the shot is the wait before the bow goes up" added to the registry as Reported

"As the shot is learnt, it comes under less cortical control" added to the registry as Contested

"A structured course on the fundamentals raises beginners' scores" added to the registry as Not studied

"The strength gained from shooting is partly lost when you stop" added to the registry as Reported

"Setting specific goals makes beginners improve faster" added to the registry as Reported

"When watching an expert archer shoot, the brains of archers respond more than those of people who do not shoot" added to the registry as Reported

"Scores can be assigned automatically from images of the target face" added to the registry as Contested

"The mathematical model of the bow predicts draw weight well and efficiency less well" added to the registry as Contested

"A two-finger string grip is about as accurate as a three-finger one" added to the registry as Reported

"Physical conditioning takes up a minimal share of an archer's training session" added to the registry as Reported

"For high-level archers wind is the main thing to manage outdoors" added to the registry as Reported

"A mental training programme reduces burnout in elite archers" added to the registry as Reported

"In wheelchair archers the shoulder shows frequent changes in both arms" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers who choke, and those who get the yips, come out less conscientious" added to the registry as Contested

"Deep breathing reduces an archer's competition anxiety" added to the registry as Reported

"Imagery practice improves the score" added to the registry as Contested

"A few weeks of archery improves children's balance" added to the registry as Reported

"A quicker release and follow-through go with higher scores" added to the registry as Contested

"The average score per arrow tells you an archer's level" added to the registry as Reported

"English war longbows, from the late Middle Ages to the Tudor period, were heavier to draw than people imagine today" added to the registry as Transferred

"Archers rate communication with their coach as good, but openness and a sense of equality lag behind" added to the registry as Reported

"While aiming, elite archers activate their muscles less than intermediate archers" added to the registry as Contested

"Archers who reach the top started shooting as children" added to the registry as Reported

"On a compound bow the scope lens should be chosen for the archer's draw length and eyesight: the same lens does not magnify the same way for everyone" added to the registry as Transferred

"Between one and a half and two tenths of a second pass between the clicker sounding and the arrow leaving" added to the registry as Corroborated

"Expert archers hold the draw with the shoulder and back rather than the forearm" added to the registry as Reported

"Stronger archers are also the most consistent ones" added to the registry as Reported

"A sleep education programme raises young archers' scores" added to the registry as Reported

"The way the string is held changes a beginner's score" added to the registry as Transferred

"One study found that training at a fixed distance, short or long, does not improve concentration more than ordinary training" added to the registry as Reported

"In the second half of Ramadan, fasting archers find it harder to concentrate" added to the registry as Reported

"At seventy metres an elite archer's arrow arrives in a little over a second, at an average of fifty to sixty metres a second" added to the registry as Reported

"An archer's score is predicted better by experience and past results than by moment-to-moment data" added to the registry as Contested

"Shooting a full competition puts little physical strain on a trained archer" added to the registry as Contested

"Arriving at the shooting line out of breath spoils the first arrow" added to the registry as Not studied

"During the shot the legs and hips move far less than the arms" added to the registry as Reported

"A relaxation session right before shooting does not improve the score" added to the registry as Reported

"After physical effort, single-cam and twin-cam bows lose the same amount of accuracy" added to the registry as Reported

"An arrow's flexing in flight increases its drag" added to the registry as Contested

"On the best arrows, parasympathetic activity during the aim is higher" added to the registry as Contested

"A camera-based scoring system misreads some arrows: the ones barely sticking out and the ones that shift the target face" added to the registry as Reported

"Short sport psychology questionnaires do not tell archers apart" added to the registry as Contested

"In the shot the drawing side works harder than the bow side" added to the registry as Contested

"A sound cue that flags collapses in the draw makes the draw steadier" added to the registry as Contested

"Recording yourself on video during practice raises your score" added to the registry as Not studied

"After the release elite archers move more than intermediate archers do" added to the registry as Contested

"For a beginner, starting close and moving back gradually gives no better results than starting far" added to the registry as Reported

"The rotated head position of the shooting stance can compress the cervical cord in susceptible people" added to the registry as Reported

"In the string hand repeated shooting changes the skin and the microcirculation of the fingers" added to the registry as Reported

"After a good end it is easier to shoot another good one" added to the registry as Contested

"In traditional archery, rapid shooting keeps the technique of the single shot" added to the registry as Reported

"A mock competition with spectators and noise gets archers used to pressure" added to the registry as Reported

"Carbon arrows damp their own vibration very little and reach the target still oscillating" added to the registry as Reported

"High-level archers train between three and six hours a day" added to the registry as Reported

"Above 40% of maximal pulling strength, a heavier draw weight goes with lower scores" added to the registry as Not studied

"Of the clinical trunk tests, only the side plank is linked to how well an archer activates the deep back muscles" added to the registry as Reported

"Yoga improves coordination and balance in young female archers" added to the registry as Not studied

"For a given spine, the lightest carbon shaft is neither the thinnest nor the thickest" added to the registry as Transferred

"At the end of a training session archers can still shoot, but not with good form" added to the registry as Reported

"A mental profile tells archers apart from athletes in other sports only in part" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers more concerned with how others see them choke more often in competition" added to the registry as Contested

"Archers with a sturdier build shoot heavier draw weights" added to the registry as Reported

"Among young competitive archers the recurve is the most common bow and the compound remains a minority" added to the registry as Reported

"The triceps of the drawing arm is the most loaded muscle in the shot" added to the registry as Contested

"Experienced archers prepare their balance before the release, beginners correct it afterwards" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers have a more accurate sense of bow-shoulder position than non-archers" added to the registry as Not studied

"Archery does not come with quicker reaction times" added to the registry as Reported

"Measured in a wind tunnel, the aerodynamic damping of the arrow's oscillation is negligible" added to the registry as Reported

"Imagery training improves an archer's imagery ability" added to the registry as Reported

"A thinner shaft meets less air resistance" added to the registry as Not studied

"Pausing at 96 to 98% of full draw before the final pull reduces the small jerks while aiming" added to the registry as Reported

"The release should be passive: the fingers relax rather than open" added to the registry as Refuted

"An expert archer repeats the arrow's speed from shot to shot almost as closely as a shooting machine" added to the registry as Reported

"For a beginner, reaching full draw by pushing the bow out with the anchor already set does not change the score compared with the conventional draw" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers do not have better visual skills than athletes from other sports" added to the registry as Reported

"A competition bow passes about three quarters of the drawing work to the arrow" added to the registry as Transferred

"Children who practise archery have better motor skills than those just starting" added to the registry as Reported

"Training at competition distances gives a specific advantage at those distances" added to the registry as Contested

"In the draw, competitive archers say they think about the balance between the two sides more than about a steady arm" added to the registry as Reported

"Quiet eye duration varies widely between archers, and sex, weight and height do not explain it" added to the registry as Reported

"Studying the rules online as well means beginners make fewer mistakes when judging a competition" added to the registry as Reported

"The less the bow moves while aiming, the better the shot" moved from Reported to Contested

The contrast sharpens inside a single year. Across fifty clips from international competitions, the more the drawing arm moves while aiming the lower the arrow's score, with rho of minus 0.393, while the movement of the bow arm is tied to nothing. A systematic review finds less bow sway on the better shots in three studies out of five, and no difference between levels in the other two. In twenty-seven regional compound archers, bow-arm stability turns out not to be linked to the score at fifty metres. The status stays contested, and the reason is always the same: every study measures a different thing and they all call it bow stability.

"A camera diagonally behind the archer measures the vertical sway of the aim well, but not the horizontal" added to the registry as Reported

"In competition archers and their coach communicate mostly without words" added to the registry as Not studied

"On the longbow, the flatbow and the horse bow, draw force rises almost in a straight line up to 50 centimetres of draw" added to the registry as Reported

"Pre-shot breathing rhythm varies from one archer to another" added to the registry as Reported

"Higher-level archers keep the drawing arm less open at the shoulder" added to the registry as Reported

"Among young archers, the older ones do worse on memory and attention tasks" added to the registry as Reported

"With a compound bow the muscles work less than with a recurve during the draw" added to the registry as Contested

"Higher heart rate variability goes with better aerobic fitness" added to the registry as Transferred

"A spell of reduced training makes the score drop" added to the registry as Reported

"How hand pressure is spread over the grip does not predict where the arrow goes" added to the registry as Reported

"Scores are higher in virtual reality than with a real bow" added to the registry as Reported

"Releasing when you decide for yourself groups better than releasing on an external signal" added to the registry as Reported

"Beyond 100 arrows in a session the shoulder muscles fatigue" moved from Not studied to Reported

The first study that stops at exactly a hundred arrows arrives: in twenty traditional archers the string-arm infraspinatus falls in amplitude and in median frequency, the lower trapezius produces a lower peak, and meanwhile the deltoids and upper trapezius raise their activation, which is how the body compensates. In the same year a second article on the same twenty archers, which the registry counts together with the first as a single sample, finds higher peaks in the upper and middle trapezius after a hundred arrows and the middle deltoid rising while the infraspinatus falls, and a single case shows the frequency dropping in six muscles out of eight on both sides of the body. Within the main study, though, the three parts of the trapezius and the middle deltoid show no change in frequency and the posterior deltoid raises it: supporting evidence on archers, but not clean, so reported.

"Coach support during competition reduces choking" added to the registry as Reported

"One study found that dehydration does not change how alert an archer feels in competition" added to the registry as Reported

"Thoracic mobility training improves posture at full draw" added to the registry as Not studied

"In kyudo, archers who develop an early release often do not get free of it" added to the registry as Reported

"Mental training improves an archer's concentration" added to the registry as Reported

"Training at the longer distances improves resistance to fatigue" added to the registry as Contested

"Archers who use imagery more are also more task oriented" added to the registry as Reported

"Beginners with higher emotional intelligence shoot more accurately" added to the registry as Reported

"Nocking point height needs to be set to the millimetre" added to the registry as Contradicted

"A cap reduces light-related visual disturbance in training and competition" added to the registry as Not studied

"Concentration is the mental skill archers are weakest at" added to the registry as Contested

"While it drives the arrow a compound bow rotates in the vertical plane, and no position of its centre of mass cancels that rotation" added to the registry as Transferred

"A signal telling beginners when the bow is at the right angle tightens their groups" added to the registry as Reported

"An archer's arousal rises with what is at stake, and keeps rising as the competition goes on" added to the registry as Corroborated

"Archers with longer arms are more accurate" added to the registry as Contested

"In competitive archers neck mobility stays good, even in those who always shoot from the same side" added to the registry as Reported

"Tuning the bow with a structured method raises the score" added to the registry as Reported

"Para-archers have poorer balance than non-disabled archers, but no measurable difference in trunk endurance" added to the registry as Reported

"For tuning a recurve arrow, the weight at the tail matters more than the point weight" added to the registry as Transferred

"The draw weight marked on the bow differs from what the archer actually pulls at their own draw length" added to the registry as Contested

"The time allowed for each shot does not trouble experienced archers" added to the registry as Reported

"The weight of shooting clothing does not change how the leg muscles work" added to the registry as Not studied

"One study found that focusing on the sight rather than on bodily sensations does not change the score" added to the registry as Reported

"Adding mass to the bow reduces the effect of wind gusts" added to the registry as Not studied

"Limb geometry decides what share of the bow's stored energy passes to the arrow" added to the registry as Transferred

"Meditation improves an archer's score" added to the registry as Reported

"In experienced archers, changing the foot position does not lower the score" added to the registry as Reported

"Mental skills training improves the score" added to the registry as Not studied

"At a tournament an elite archer's day costs between 2,000 and 4,100 calories, and food intake covers them" added to the registry as Reported

"A macular carotenoid supplement with omega-3 raises scores in precision sports" added to the registry as Contested

"A shaft's stiffness depends far more on its diameter than on its wall thickness" added to the registry as Transferred

"A round of thirty-six arrows measures an archer's level reliably enough" added to the registry as Not studied

"Where the vanes sit relative to the shaft's stiff side does not change the point of impact" added to the registry as Reported

"After a hundred arrows the shoulder muscles of men and women respond in the same way" added to the registry as Contested

"Elite archers shoot a draw weight far below their maximal drawing strength" added to the registry as Reported

"Insoles with arch support improve stability and scores" added to the registry as Reported

"How many blades a point has changes penetration differently depending on the target" added to the registry as Reported

"A competition day loads the archer more than a training day" added to the registry as Not studied

"In kyudo the release block resembles a task-specific focal dystonia" added to the registry as Reported

"Shafts have a stiffer side and a softer side: stiffness changes as you turn them around their axis" added to the registry as Reported

"Coaches who demand perfection feel more competition stress" added to the registry as Reported

"Listening to your own heartbeat while shooting raises the score" added to the registry as Reported

"An expert's judgement of an archer's technique predicts their score" added to the registry as Reported

"For young archers the biggest obstacle is the cost of equipment" added to the registry as Reported

"In competition, archers stay hydrated on less than a litre an hour" added to the registry as Reported

"At 70 m a crosswind moves the arrow far more than a head or tail wind" added to the registry as Transferred

"A mindfulness programme improves some of an archer's mental skills, but not all" added to the registry as Reported

"Medals almost always go to archers who finish the qualification round in the first 20" added to the registry as Reported

"Circuit conditioning really does improve an archer's physical condition" added to the registry as Reported

"An archer's accuracy varies a great deal from one day to the next" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers who regulate their emotions better have higher heart rate variability after shooting" added to the registry as Reported

"A relaxation programme lowers an archer's resting arousal" added to the registry as Contested

"A yoga programme lowers an archer's competitive anxiety and raises self-confidence" added to the registry as Reported

"On a compound the limb mainly changes how much force is needed, and changes the shape of the force-draw curve little" added to the registry as Transferred

"Better archers apply a more consistent pressure on the grip" added to the registry as Reported

"Breathing at six breaths a minute has no unwanted effects" added to the registry as Not studied

"A battery of physical tests identifies the most promising young archers" added to the registry as Reported

"Among an archer's mental skills, performing at your best under pressure stands on its own" added to the registry as Not studied

"At the clicker drop almost all the arm and trunk muscles are more active than in the half second before, and they move together" added to the registry as Reported

"The set system rewards the more consistent archer" added to the registry as Not studied

"The level that set a world record in the 1970s would not make the top ten today" added to the registry as Transferred

"Archers credit music with only a moderate effect on their motivation and performance" added to the registry as Not studied

"At big competitions many archers lose points to a badly adjusted sight" added to the registry as Not studied

"In archers, a longer draw length goes with higher scores" added to the registry as Reported

"At the release the fingers open mainly at the middle and end joints, and barely at the knuckles" added to the registry as Reported

"Better archers do not have better depth perception" added to the registry as Reported

"Within the shot, the time splits almost evenly between the draw and the aim" added to the registry as Contradicted

"The final pull lasts two or three seconds and adds only a few millimetres of draw" added to the registry as Reported

"An arrow flying at an angle to the airflow suffers far more drag" added to the registry as Reported

"From the same bow, a heavier arrow strikes lower" added to the registry as Reported

"In expert archers the deltoid falls silent just before the release" added to the registry as Reported

"Compound arrows leave the bow much faster than recurve arrows" added to the registry as Reported

"Even top archers put the occasional arrow away from the centre" added to the registry as Contested

"A faster arrow drifts less in a crosswind" added to the registry as Transferred

"Coaches' ratings can pick out the weaker archers, but cannot separate the higher levels" added to the registry as Reported

"Many archery coaches know little about anti-doping rules" added to the registry as Reported

"The type of nock changes the size of the group" added to the registry as Reported

"At the same maximal strength, archers hold a steadier force than non-archers" added to the registry as Reported

"A flotation-tank session before shooting lowers forearm tension during the shot" added to the registry as Contested

"Most competitive archers say they have fallen apart in competition at least once" added to the registry as Reported

"On a compound the nocking point does not travel in a straight line during the draw, and how far it strays depends on the bow's geometry" added to the registry as Transferred

"At the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games about one para-archer in fourteen fell ill" added to the registry as Reported

"An instrumented riser measures an archer's draw strength and holding time in agreement with the manual test" added to the registry as Reported

"Competition experience and years of training in the heat reduce the effect of heat on scores" added to the registry as Reported

"After weeks of mental training the body reacts less when the competition is imagined" added to the registry as Transferred

"With the same bow a heavier arrow receives more energy" added to the registry as Reported

"Arrows with a stiffer spine vibrate at a higher natural frequency" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers with target panic trace its onset to focusing on the outcome and on expectations" added to the registry as Reported

"Shooting a bow builds strength in people who start out sedentary" added to the registry as Reported

"High-level archers mention breathing and imagery among the last of their shooting strategies" added to the registry as Contested

"An archer's heart slows down in the seconds before the release" added to the registry as Contested

"Carbon prepregs that match on paper but come from different suppliers do not give the same limb material" added to the registry as Reported

"Bow set-up has to be built around the individual archer, not copied from a single model" added to the registry as Not studied

"Core training improves the score" added to the registry as Reported

"The score is the most repeatable measure we have of an archer" added to the registry as Contested

"The arrow spins faster the faster it flies, and point shape plays no part" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers with target panic describe tremors, panic attacks and excessive attention to their own body" added to the registry as Reported

"While shooting, an archer's heart rate sits at around a hundred beats per minute" added to the registry as Contested

"The mass of the limbs and cams makes little difference to arrow speed" added to the registry as Transferred

"What an archer eats shows up in the quality of their sleep" added to the registry as Transferred

"Indoors the thickest shaft the rules allow is the better choice" added to the registry as Transferred

"Heart rate variability biofeedback reduces the anxiety of people who have to perform" added to the registry as Contradicted

"Compound archers group more tightly than recurve archers" added to the registry as Reported

"In young club archers the technical errors cluster in the phase before the release" added to the registry as Reported

"Strength training improves aiming stability" added to the registry as Transferred

"An archer's basal metabolic rate does not differ from the value predicted for their age" added to the registry as Reported

"Shooting from the raised finals platform increases body sway" added to the registry as Contested

"An archer's competition anxiety does not change with age" added to the registry as Not studied

"Using a foam roller before shooting shortens an archer's reaction times" added to the registry as Reported

"Kinesiology tape on the shoulder improves scores" added to the registry as Reported

"A mindfulness programme improves an archer's attentional control" added to the registry as Contested

"Using social media before competing does not worsen the score" added to the registry as Reported

"When an archer gains strength, the draw weight that feels comfortable does not change accordingly" added to the registry as Reported

"While aiming, the body sways more sideways across the target than back and forth towards it" added to the registry as Contested

"About fifteen thousandths of a second pass between the start of the release and the arrow leaving the string" added to the registry as Contested

"Among beginners, those who score more hold the drawing shoulder at a smaller angle" added to the registry as Reported

"In the Japanese bow the bamboo chosen for the inner face is stiffer than that for the outer" added to the registry as Reported

"In top-level recurve the string does not touch the face, or barely brushes it" added to the registry as Reported

"Before competition, stress markers in archers' saliva rise, and stay higher in those who shoot worse" added to the registry as Reported

"Eight weeks of autogenic training lower archers' urinary lactate in competition" added to the registry as Reported

"Higher-level archers shoot a few pounds more than the others" added to the registry as Contested

"With ordinary training alone, a Paralympic archer's sense of time gets worse over the course of the preparation" added to the registry as Reported

"In beginners a target-throwing test is linked to the score with the bow" added to the registry as Reported

"Two archers with the same score can group very differently" added to the registry as Reported

"Target panic arises when the release loses its automaticity" added to the registry as Not studied

"In young women archers menarche does not come late, as it does in many other athletes" added to the registry as Reported

"After a perfect shot, the elite archer feels more relief than joy" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers with more competitions behind them do not shoot the shoot-off arrow better" added to the registry as Reported

"For archers, free weights do more than machines" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers have better fine manual dexterity than people who do not shoot" added to the registry as Reported

"When an archer's elbow hurts, the outer side is the spot most often affected" added to the registry as Reported

"Among children starting archery, boys and girls score alike" added to the registry as Contested

"Carbon arrows damp vibration less than aluminium and wooden ones" added to the registry as Reported

"The material of the limb's inner layers changes how much the bow vibrates after the shot" added to the registry as Reported

"Aiming with one eye closed gives tighter groups than with both eyes open" added to the registry as Contested

"When aiming gets harder, only experienced archers lengthen the quiet eye" added to the registry as Reported

"The phases of the shot last only a few seconds: about one second to draw, one or two to aim" added to the registry as Contested

"One study found that jatamansi, a herb used as a calmative, only partly improves hand steadiness in a seated test and does not raise the score more than training alone" added to the registry as Reported

"In barebow, archers prefer the weight set-up that leaves the bow steadier" added to the registry as Reported

"Holding the string with three fingers gives a steadier hold than with two" added to the registry as Contradicted

"One study found that how fast the fingers open at the release does not separate good arrows from poor ones" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers over fifty have a stronger grip, a brisker walking pace and better balance than senior athletes in other sports" added to the registry as Reported

"With more years of competition, archers report more confidence, better concentration and fewer worries" added to the registry as Reported

"Visual acuity is not related to an archer's score" added to the registry as Reported

"In wind, experienced archers say they adjust the strength of the shot more than they calculate drift" added to the registry as Reported

"Imagery guided by virtual reality improves shooting more than video-guided imagery" added to the registry as Transferred

"At the top of compound, scores sit so close to the maximum that differences between archers nearly vanish" added to the registry as Contested

"After an end it pays to move the sight by only part of the error you see" added to the registry as Transferred

"Left-handed archers shoot higher scores than right-handed archers" added to the registry as Not studied

"After a correction the old technique tends to come back" added to the registry as Not studied

"A shooting shirt with built-in chest guard and arm guard is judged comfortable by archers" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers notice big changes in their equipment, not small differences" added to the registry as Reported

"String material changes the bow's vibration after release" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers are stronger than non-sporting peers" added to the registry as Reported

"Beta-blockers improve accuracy in archery" added to the registry as Contradicted

"The drop on the shoot-off arrow shows up in men and not in women" added to the registry as Reported

"Moderate cold does not lower competition scores" added to the registry as Contested

"The less the bow moves while aiming, the better the shot" added to the registry as Reported

"The asymmetric shooting action creates muscle asymmetries" added to the registry as Contested

"Archery does not build the trunk muscles the way other sports do" added to the registry as Reported

"Paralympic archers in a wheelchair hold the draw and the aim longer than those who shoot standing" added to the registry as Reported

"Shooting first or second in a set does not change the score" added to the registry as Reported

"The flexing the arrow takes on does not grow in proportion to how fast the fingers open" added to the registry as Reported

"If the nock is loose on the nocking point, the arrow changes its impact height" added to the registry as Not studied

"In flight the arrow oscillates in pitch, one cycle every fourteen to twenty-two metres, and the waviness shows mostly over the first stretch" added to the registry as Reported

"Archers who dwell on past mistakes shoot lower scores" added to the registry as Reported

"Archery makes young people's bones stronger" added to the registry as Contradicted

"Higher-level archers train more than the rest" added to the registry as Reported

"Champions hold more consistent aiming times than their opponents" added to the registry as Reported

"Archery practice spends less time on breaks than other sports" added to the registry as Reported

"Fitting the vanes at a slight angle tightens the group" added to the registry as Reported

"Vane type changes how quickly the arrow settles in flight" added to the registry as Reported

"How the side rods are spread and angled changes how much the stabiliser damps vibration" added to the registry as Transferred

"At the release the two arms move apart in opposite directions" added to the registry as Reported

"Heart rate variability shows how tense an archer is in competition" added to the registry as Contested

"Comparing the feel of the shot with an instrument reading teaches archers to recognise their own release timing" added to the registry as Reported

"Beyond 100 arrows in a session the shoulder muscles fatigue" added to the registry as Not studied

"On competition day an archer arrives more anxious than in training" added to the registry as Contested

"When imagining the shot, an elite archer's brain recruits fewer areas than a non-archer's" added to the registry as Contested

"While aiming, the bow's tremor concentrates around two frequencies" added to the registry as Transferred