https://matteocampagna.com/en/registry/mind/mental-skills-training-confidence Changes to this claim in Matteo Campagna's evidence registry: its status, its year-by-year history, revisions of the page. en-gb https://matteocampagna.com/en/registry/mind/mental-skills-training-confidenceFour studies measure archers' confidence before and after a mental programme, all of them small, and three see it rise. The clearest result comes from a twelve-week mindfulness programme for twelve competitive archers in Hong Kong: state confidence goes from 19.5 to 27 points, a very large effect (d = 2.24), and cognitive and somatic anxiety fall. In the Chinese national team, sixteen archers followed through five months of weekly sessions, confidence rises little during the intervention and significantly only in the months after, from 88.6 to 93.6, with one participant getting worse on every measure. In forty-five young Malaysian archers it climbs steeply where imagery and self-talk are combined, from 7.9 to 18.4, but the journal has questionable editorial standards. The first study, in 2010 on three archers from the Korean reserve national squad, had seen no change over eight weeks. The four studies share the same limit: confidence is measured only in those who follow the programme and never in a group carrying on with ordinary training, so the effect of the programme cannot be separated from the attention received or from the competition calendar. The two studies that also gave their questionnaires to a control group, one Indian and one Korean, do not fill the gap, because they do not measure confidence on a readable scale: the first reports only the total mental skills score, the second gathers confidence in interviews with those who did the programme.claim:allenamento-mentale-fiducia:revision:2026-08-19:2Wed, 19 Aug 2026 08:00:00 GMT https://matteocampagna.com/en/registry/mind/mental-skills-training-confidence#storiaIn the Chinese national team sixteen archers follow five months of weekly psychological training: state confidence rises little during the intervention and significantly in the months after, from 88.6 to 93.6, but one participant gets worse on every measure. It is the first result in favour from a reliable venue: the one from the year before, forty-five young Malaysian archers whose pre-shot confidence went from 7.9 to 18.4 after six weeks of imagery and self-talk, appeared in a journal with questionable editorial standards and by rule cannot decide a status. In the same year five young pistol shooters report more trait confidence after eight weeks of mental training, but they come from another sport. Among the studies that can decide, then, there is one in favour and one against, the Korean study of 2010 on three people and without statistics: both are small and they point in opposite directions, so the status is contested.claim:allenamento-mentale-fiducia:history_entry:2026-07-29:2023Wed, 29 Jul 2026 08:00:00 GMT https://matteocampagna.com/en/registry/mind/mental-skills-training-confidence#storiaBetween 2016 and 2020 two studies with a control group arrive, but neither measures confidence on a scale that can be read. The first, an Indian randomised trial of thirty archers in a journal with questionable editorial standards, reports a better total mental skills score without giving the subscales; the second, twenty Korean archers from company-sponsored teams, uses questionnaires on personal strengths and optimism, and confidence appears only in interviews with the ten who followed the programme. Both are context, and the only measured result on confidence is still the 2010 one, which runs against the claim: contradicted.claim:allenamento-mentale-fiducia:history_entry:2026-07-29:2020Wed, 29 Jul 2026 08:00:00 GMT https://matteocampagna.com/en/registry/mind/mental-skills-training-confidenceclaim:allenamento-mentale-fiducia:new_claim:2026-05-11:riportatoMon, 11 May 2026 08:00:00 GMT